The EBP pyramid is frequently used to depict the strength of evidence provided by various studies. Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines are generally considered the strongest evidence because they examine and synthesize the findings of multiple related studies.
Primary literature refers to new or original research. It is usually written by the researchers who conducted the experiment or research project to describe their findings.
Secondary literature analyzes, condenses, or interprets the primary literature.
Primary Literature | Secondary Literature |
Animal and laboratory research | Clinical guidelines |
Narrative reports | Systematic reviews |
Case series and case reports | Meta-analyses |
Case-controlled studies | |
Cohort studies | |
Randomized controlled trials |