Morocco's strategic location has shaped its history. Its location and resources led to early competition among European powers in Africa, culminating in the establishment of a French protectorate over Morocco. Nationalist political parties, which took shape under the French protectorate, began a strong campaign for independence after World War II. Declarations such as the Atlantic Charter, served as a basis for the independence movement. A manifesto of the Istiqlal (Independence) Party in 1944 was one of the earliest public demands for independence. That party subsequently provided most of the leadership for the nationalist movement and remains a strong political party. In 1953, France exiled the highly respected Sultan Mohammed V and replaced him with the unpopular Mohammed Ben Aarafa. Ben Aarafa's reign was widely perceived as illegitimate, and sparked active opposition, particularly a reign of terrorism, followed by an armed uprising in 1955. France allowed Mohammed V to return in 1955, and by 1956, Morocco regained its independence. After gaining independence, Morocco made great strides toward economic and political liberalization. The sultan Muhammad V, ruling his newly independent nation, proclaimed his intention of turning it into a constitutional monarchy. His first act was to transform himself into a monarch and assume the title of king. The Moroccan government undertook a number of economic, social, and political reforms, including the drafting of a constitution. Economically, Morocco has faced the problems typical of developing countries - restraining government spending, reducing constraints on private financial activity and foreign trade, and achieving sustainable economic growth
Drawn from the U.S. State Department Central Classified Files, the content of this collection provide essential and unique documentation on a wide variety of topics relating to Moroccan internal affairs from 1950 to 1959. These topics include: U.S. support for nationalists, Istiqlal Party terrorism, the Arab League's anti-French attitude, French exchange controls in Morocco, French settler concerns of spread of Algerian civil war, Pan-Arabism Berber support of French administration and army, the installation of French-puppet Sultan, economic and financial reforms, the exodus of Moroccan Jewry, Islamic society and Berberism, decolonization, development of the agricultural sector, industrial development, immigration and emigration, development of the textile industry, foreign trade and investment, and Marshall aid to Morocco

This collection contains Bush Presidential Records from a variety of White House offices. These files consist of letters of correspondence, memoranda, coversheets, notes, distribution lists, newspaper articles, informational papers, published articles, and reports from the public, the Congress, Bush administration officials, and other various federal agencies primarily regarding American Middle East peace policy and the United States' role in the many facets of the Middle East peace process

The Axis occupation of Greece during World War II began in April 1941 after the German and Italian invasion of Greece was carried out together with Bulgarian forces. The occupation lasted until the German withdrawal from the mainland in October 1944. The occupation brought about terrible hardships for the Greek civilian population. Over 300,000 civilians died in Athens alone from starvation, tens of thousands more through reprisals; minorities, particularly Jews, were deported to concentration camps; and, in the Bulgarian and German occupied areas, ethnic cleansing attempted to eradicate generations of Greek residents. The country's economy was ruined and the food situation desperate. When liberation came in October 1944, Greece was in a state of crisis, which soon led to the outbreak of civil war. The Greek Civil War was fought from 1946 to 1949 between the pro-Western Greek governmental army and the Communist Democratic Army of Greece. It was the result of a highly polarized struggle between leftists and rightists which started in 1943 and targeted the power vacuum that the German-Italian occupation during World War II had created

[v. 1.] British Cameroons, 1920/21-1938. 2 reels -- [v. 2.] Cameroun, 1921-1938. 2 reels -- [v. 3.] Iraq, 1920/22-1932. 1 reel -- [v. 4.] Nauru, 1915/20-1938. 1 reel -- [v. 5.] New Guinea, 1914/21-1938. 2 reels -- [v. 6.] Palestine & Trans-Jordan, 1920/21-1938. 3 reels -- [v. 7.] Ruanda-Urundi, 1917/21-1938. 2 reels -- [v. 8.] South Seas Islands, 1921-1938. 2 reels -- [v. 9.] South West Africa, 1918-1938. 2 reels -- [v. 10.] Syria & Lebanon, 1922/23-1938. 2 reels -- [v. 11.] Tanganyika, 1920-1938. 2 reels -- [v. 12.] Togo, 1923-1938. 2 reels -- [v. 13.] Togoland, 1920/21-1938. 2 reels -- [v. 14.] Western Samoa, 1920/21-1938. 1 reel